Author: Dr. Harikrishna R, Consultant – Urology

Bladder cancer is a significant health concern that can affect both younger and older adults. It is sixth most common cancer among men and the tenth most common cancer worldwide. Studies show that men are 3–4 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than women.

Raising awareness about this disease is crucial - early detection can make a life-saving difference. In this article, Dr. Harikrishna R, one of the best urologists in Kottayam answers some of the most important questions about bladder cancer—its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

What Is Bladder Cancer?

The bladder is the organ that stores urine in the body. Normally, bladder cells grow and divide in a controlled way. However, when these cells begin to grow uncontrollably, they form a lump or tumor. 

If not detected and treated early, this tumor can grow and spread to nearby organs such as the lungs, liver, or bones. 

Why Is Awareness Important?

Many bladder cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to lack of awareness. Early diagnosis greatly improves survival rates. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and avoiding risk factors can help reduce the chances of developing bladder cancer. 

Common Causes and Risk Factors

1. Smoking: The leading risk factor — responsible for nearly 60% of male and 30% of female bladder cancer cases. Smoking increases the risk by nearly six times. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce both the risk and disease progression. 
2. Occupational Exposure: People working in dye, rubber, leather, and paint industries face a higher risk due to prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals. 
3. Chemical Exposure: Contact with industrial chemicals or arsenic in drinking water can also lead to bladder cancer. 
4. Chronic Infections: Recurrent bladder infections and long-term catheter use can increase risk. 
5. Family History: Having a close relative with bladder cancer can raise your risk. 
6. Age: Though more common among older adults, the number of young patients is rising.

When Should You See a Urologist?

Bladder cancer can grow silently without obvious symptoms. However, you should consult a urology doctor in Kottayam immediately if you notice any of the following: 

1. Blood in the urine 
2. Frequent or urgent need to urinate 
3. Sudden urge to urinate 
4. Unexplained weight loss or fatigue

Early consultation with a urologist in Kottayam can ensure timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

How Is Bladder Cancer Diagnosed?

Your urology specialist may recommend one or more of the following tests:

• Urine analysis: To detect abnormal or cancerous cells 
• Ultrasound or CT scan: To visualize the bladder and surrounding areas 
• Cystoscopy: An endoscopic procedure that allows the doctor to directly view the inside of the bladder

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage and spread of the cancer.

1. Early-stage treatment:
   • Surgical removal of the tumor is often the most effective option.
   • Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential.
2. Advanced-stage treatment: 
   • Surgical removal of the bladder (in select cases)/li>
   • Chemotherapy
   • Immunotherapy 
   • Radiation therapy in specific situations

The Urology Department in Kottayam at Caritas Hospital provides comprehensive and advanced care for bladder cancer, combining medical expertise with modern technology.

How Can You Reduce the Risk of Bladder Cancer? 

1. Quit Smoking: This is the most effective way to lower risk. It may take 1–3 years for the risk to reduce significantly. 
2. Follow Safety Precautions: Use protective gear if you work in industries involving dyes, paints, or chemicals. 
3. Eat a Balanced Diet: Include foods rich in vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Avoid processed and high-salt meats. 
4. Regular Check-ups: If you have a family history of bladder cancer, routine screening can help detect changes early.

Takeaway

Bladder cancer, when detected early, is highly treatable. Staying informed about risk factors and symptoms—and consulting a qualified urologist in Kottayam at the right time—can make all the difference.

Remember: Early action saves lives.

Dr. Harikrishna R 
Consultant – Urology
Professional Qualification: MBBS, MCh (Urology), DNB (General Surgery)
Caritas Hospital, Kottayam – Home to one of the best urology departments in Kottayam, offering expert care for bladder, kidney, and urinary tract conditions.